Eye surgery is a very important part of medical science. It is also known as orogolomistician surgery or ocular surgery. The eye surgery is generally performed on the eye or its adnexa. And the eye surgery is performed by either an ophthalmologist or by an eye surgeon.

There are various precautions which should be taken before performing an eye surgery. In an eye surgery the eye surgeon or an ophthalmologist should identify the need of surgery. Before taking a surgery proper anesthesia must be given to the patient. In an eye surgery for immobilizing the extrocular muscles and eliminating the pain sensation, the Retrobulbar and peribulbar techniques are used for infiltrating the local area surrounding the eye muscle cone. And for quick procedures topical anesthesia using lidocaine topical gel is preferred. In an eye surgery patient cooperation is also an important thing. It is also important to take proper sterile precautions for preparing the area of surgery which includes the use of antiseptics like povidone-iodine. During the surgery an eye speculum is inserted for keeping the eyes wide open. And sometimes for some anxious patients it is recommended to facial nerve block using lidocaine and bupivacaine.

There are various types of eye surgery. Among these the most important one is eye laser surgery. Eye laser surgery is also called Refractive surgery. In eye laser surgery the modern technique of laser beams are used. In eye laser surgery the lasers are used for treating non-refractive conditions. Other than eye laser surgery there is cataract surgery.

In Cataract surgery, a cataract is generally cloudiness on the eye’s crystalline lens which is formed due to aging or disease. This cataract prevents the light from forming a clear image on the eye retina. And this cataract extraction is the most common eye surgery due to the high prevalence of cataracts.

The next one is Glaucoma surgery. It is a group of disease. Glaucoma affects the optic nerve and this cause vision loss and is frequently characterized by raised intraocular pressure. Canaloplasty is also a part of Glaucoma surgery. Canaloplasty is a procedure which is designed for enhancing the drainage through the eye’s natural drainage system for providing sustained reduction of IOP. In canaloplasty microcatheter technology is used. For performing canaloplasty an eye surgeon has to create a tiny incision for gaining access to the canal in the eye.

Sometimes problems regarding refraction occur and for removing this refraction problems refractive surgery are performed. The main purpose of the refractive surgery is to correct errors of refraction in the eye. In this most of the time a method called Keratomilleusis is used. This method is used for reshaping the cornea surface to change its optical power. Other than these there are some more eye surgeries such as Corneal surgery, Vitreo-retinal surgery.

Here Corneal surgery includes.

1. Corneal transplant surgery.

2. Penetrating Keratoplasty.

3. Phototherapeutic Keratectomy.

4. Osteo-Odonto-Keratoprosthesis.

And Vitreo-retinal surgery includes.

1. Vitrectomy.

2. Pan retinal photocoagulation.

3. Retinal detachment repair.

4. Macular hole repair.

5. Partial Lamellar sclerouvectomy.

6. Radial optic neurotomy.

Other than all these surgeries there are many more surgeries also which are performed for removing various eye defects. All these surgeries should be performed with special precautions otherwise one may can loose his/her sight permanently.